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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98703 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數泰安機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,泰安機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。泰安機械密封端面摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)況一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時,兩端面間的(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)表面微凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損。磨(mo)(mo)損時一(yi)方面會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)表面物質(zhi)喪(sang)失(shi)或遷(qian)移,導(dao)致表面損壞(huai);另一(yi)方面會(hui)產(chan)生大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒(shao)毀密封。在無流體(ti)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)況下(xia),如(ru)何減(jian)少磨(mo)(mo)損降低(di)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠(kao)干磨(mo)(mo)密封了(le)。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong),常用材(cai)質為(wei)耐(nai)磨碳精,結(jie)構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少裝有(you)二(er)(er)個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐(nai)磨涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)般為(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)(er)鋁(lv)或三氧(yang)化二(er)(er)鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離氣(qi),通(tong)常使用氮(dan)氣(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)耗量能(neng)控(kong)制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介(jie)質,由于操作維(wei)修簡(jian)單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷(leng)卻系統,可以(yi)干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及架設于外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可呈相對旋轉及貼合(he)(he)的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接(jie),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)供(gong)旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)(he)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)(he)的(de)彈性抵壓件。除(chu)了(le)要(yao)(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓和耐壓力(li)變形(xing);
(2)具有耐(nai)(nai)干磨性(xing),耐(nai)(nai)高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配(pei)對(dui)材料的磨合性好,無過大的磨損(sun)和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損件(jian),起到保護制動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的作用,但(dan)要求具有一定的耐(nai)磨性(xing),使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和(he)粘附對偶,都會造成制動(dong)或傳動(dong)的震動(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是(shi)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)量的能力大小(xiao),即包(bao)括吸熱(re),也包(bao)括散(san)熱(re),所以(yi),導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱(re)裂性好,根本解(jie)決抗熱(re)裂性問題可能(neng)需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性強,一(yi)些有色金(jin)屬(shu)合(he)金(jin)能將良(liang)好的摩(mo)擦學特性與(yu)有些流體(ti)的耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性結(jie)合(he);
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小,熱(re)膨脹(zhang)會造(zao)成(cheng)摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間的間隙過(guo)小,發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。