太倉機械密封是(shi)一(yi)種依靠彈(dan)性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)對動(dong)、靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)副(fu)的(de)預緊(jin)和介質壓(ya)力與彈(dan)性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)壓(ya)力的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)而達到密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)軸(zhou)向端(duan)(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝置(zhi)。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)和靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)組(zu)成(cheng)一(yi)對摩擦(ca)副(fu)，動(dong)環(huan)(huan)靠密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)室中液體的(de)壓(ya)力使(shi)其端(duan)(duan)面(mian)壓(ya)緊(jin)在靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)上，并在兩環(huan)(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)上產生適當的(de)比壓(ya)和保持一(yi)層極薄的(de)液體膜(mo)而達到密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)目的(de)。

　　常用太倉機械密封結構由靜(jing)止環(huan)(靜(jing)環(huan))、旋轉(zhuan)環(huan)(動環(huan))、彈性(xing)元件(jian)、彈簧座、固(gu)緊(jin)件(jian)、旋轉(zhuan)環(huan)輔助密封圈和靜(jing)止環(huan)輔助密封圈等元件(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)，防轉(zhuan)銷固(gu)定在壓蓋上以防止靜(jing)止環(huan)轉(zhuan)動。這些元件(jian)都有哪些作用(yong)呢？

　　(1)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)：保持緊密貼合組成密封(feng)面防止介(jie)質(zhi)泄漏。要求動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)具有良好的耐磨(mo)性動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)可(ke)以軸向移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)補(bu)償(chang)密封(feng)面磨(mo)損，使(shi)之與靜環(huan)良好地貼合，靜環(huan)有浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)性，起緩沖(chong)作用。 

　　(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等)：主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力，使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力，使補償環沿軸向移動，以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外，還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小，剛度大，結構緊湊的優點，但軸向位移和彈簧力較小，一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型太倉機械密封。波形管常用(yong)于高溫、低溫、強(qiang)腐蝕等特殊條件。 

　　(3)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(0形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔(xie)形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他異形(xing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan))：主要(yao)起到靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)(he)動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)作用，同(tong)時也起到浮動性和(he)(he)緩沖(chong)的作用。要(yao)求靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元(yuan)件保證(zheng)(zheng)靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與壓蓋之間的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)性，使靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定(ding)的浮動性，動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元(yuan)件保證(zheng)(zheng)動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸或(huo)軸套之間的密(mi)(mi)封(feng).材料(liao)要(yao)求耐熱、耐寒(han)方面與介質(zhi)接(jie)近(jin)。 

　　(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件：傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳或牙(ya)嵌式聯接(jie)器，其作(zuo)用是將(jiang)軸的轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環，材料要求(qiu)耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損。 

　　(5)固(gu)緊(jin)(jin)件：包(bao)括緊(jin)(jin)定螺(luo)釘、彈簧(huang)座、壓(ya)蓋、組(zu)裝(zhuang)套、軸套。起著靜(jing)、動(dong)環(huan)的定位(wei)、固(gu)緊(jin)(jin)作用。要(yao)求定位(wei)正(zheng)確，保(bao)證摩擦副密封(feng)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)于(yu)正(zheng)確的位(wei)置，并且(qie)保(bao)持(chi)良好貼合的彈簧(huang)比(bi)壓(ya)，同時要(yao)求拆裝(zhuang)方(fang)便(bian)，容易就位(wei)，能(neng)重復使用，與輔助密封(feng)配合處(chu)應注(zhu)意安裝(zhuang)密封(feng)環(huan)的倒角和壓(ya)彈量，特別(bie)注(zhu)意動(dong)環(huan)密封(feng)圈與軸套配合處(chu)要(yao)求耐腐蝕和耐磨損，必要(yao)時采用硬面(mian)(mian)復層。

　　介紹完了太倉機械密封的基本元件，接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。太倉機械密封的(de)泄漏點基(ji)本上都表現在6處(chu)(chu)(chu)：①動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)端面處(chu)(chu)(chu)；②靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)盒的(de)輔助密(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)；③靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)壓(ya)蓋與(yu)離心泵(beng)泵(beng)體之間(jian)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)；④動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)鑲嵌結構配合(he)處(chu)(chu)(chu)；⑤軸(zhou)套與(yu)泵(beng)軸(zhou)之間(jian)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)；⑥動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)套的(de)輔助密(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)。

　　注意：⑤和⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時才存(cun)在(zai)。