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發布(bu)時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116364 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、鐵嶺機械密封、浮(fu)動環密(mi)封和迷宮密(mi)封。
填料密封
它(ta)由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)蓋(gai)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、水封環、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱等組成,是目前普通離(li)心泵(beng)最常采用的(de)一種(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)封。離(li)心泵(beng)工作時(shi)(shi),壓(ya)蓋(gai)將填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin),使泄漏(lou)量減小,從(cong)而達(da)到密封的(de)目的(de)。壓(ya)蓋(gai)不能過(guo)松(song)(song)或過(guo)緊(jin)(jin),過(guo)緊(jin)(jin)則造成軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)表面(mian)摩擦加(jia)大,溫度迅(xun)速升(sheng)高(gao),嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)可導致(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)燒壞(huai);過(guo)松(song)(song)則泄漏(lou)量加(jia)大,離(li)心泵(beng)效率下降。壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)程度應使液(ye)(ye)體從(cong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱漏(lou)出少量液(ye)(ye)滴為宜。
填(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)有水(shui)封(feng)環(huan),通過水(shui)封(feng)環(huan)引(yin)入潔(jie)凈水(shui),使(shi)其在軸(zhou)上形成(cheng)水(shui)環(huan)進行密封(feng),以(yi)防止(zhi)空(kong)氣(qi)漏人泵(beng)(beng)內(nei)或(huo)泵(beng)(beng)內(nei)壓(ya)力水(shui)漏出(chu)泵(beng)(beng)外,密封(feng)水(shui)在填(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)之(zhi)間,同(tong)時亦起冷卻與潤滑作用(yong)(yong)。填(tian)料(liao)常采(cai)用(yong)(yong)石墨油浸石棉(mian)繩(sheng)或(huo)石墨油浸含(han)銅、鋁等(deng)金屬絲的石棉(mian)繩(sheng),高壓(ya)泵(beng)(beng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯效果好。填(tian)料(liao)密封(feng)具有結構簡單、工作可靠(kao)造(zao)價低(di)等(deng)優點(dian);但使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)套易磨損,且造(zao)成(cheng)介質泄(xie)漏損失,一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)低(di)壓(ya)水(shui)泵(beng)(beng)上。
它主要由動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)等組成(cheng)。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)位螺栓銷(xiao)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)上,與軸(zhou)(zhou)一起轉動;靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)(yong)防轉銷(xiao)固定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)泵體上,靜止不動。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)體壓力(li)及彈簧(huang)力(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)與靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)保(bao)持(chi)均勻、緊密接觸,從而實現密封(feng)。為了保(bao)證動、靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)正常(chang)工作,在(zai)(zai)兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)間(jian)需(xu)要保(bao)持(chi)一層極薄的(de)(de)水膜,起冷卻和潤滑的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。鐵嶺機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。鐵嶺機械密封缺點(dian)是結構復雜(za),端(duan)面(mian)加工精(jing)度要求極高,價格昂貴,且安裝技(ji)術要求高,另一方面(mian)對介質清潔度要求較高。
浮動環密封
它主要由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧等組成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封是以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封端面(mian)在液體(ti)壓力(li)及彈簧力(li)的(de)(de)作用下保持緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)接觸來(lai)實(shi)現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de);同(tong)時(shi)又以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內圓表面(mian)與軸套外表面(mian)所(suo)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)微小間隙對液體(ti)產生節流來(lai)達到軸向密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封。液體(ti)的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)力(li)使浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封端面(mian)徑向自由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心,當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同(tong)心時(shi),液體(ti)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)力(li)平衡(heng),浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不在浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于鐵嶺機械密封,結構簡單,運(yun)行中無(wu)軸(zhou)向碰撞問(wen)題,運(yun)行可靠、密封效果好;其缺點(dian)是軸(zhou)向尺寸較長,對具有短而(er)粗的軸(zhou)的大容量機組水(shui)泵應用較少。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸型的(de)流(liu)(liu)體動(dong)力密封,其(qi)機理是利(li)用流(liu)(liu)體流(liu)(liu)過的(de)轉子(zi)與靜(jing)子(zi)間的(de)微小間隙產生的(de)節流(liu)(liu)降壓效應來(lai)實現密封。
迷(mi)宮式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)有(you)多種不(bu)同(tong)型式,金(jin)屬(shu)迷(mi)宮密(mi)(mi)封(feng)與(yu)(yu)靜子固接的金(jin)屬(shu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)片在(zai)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)間形成多級突(tu)擴-突(tu)縮的間隙,對軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)泄(xie)漏(lou)流體實施多級降壓、節(jie)流,從而實現密(mi)(mi)封(feng);螺(luo)旋迷(mi)宮式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)在(zai)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)表面上車有(you)與(yu)(yu)液(ye)體泄(xie)漏(lou)方向(xiang)相反的螺(luo)旋溝槽(cao)(cao),溝槽(cao)(cao)中注有(you)略高于密(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)室(shi)壓力的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)水(shui)(shui),軸(zhou)(zhou)轉動時,螺(luo)旋溝槽(cao)(cao)內的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)水(shui)(shui)沿(yan)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)螺(luo)旋前(qian)進,阻止(zhi)泵(beng)內液(ye)體的外泄(xie)。迷(mi)宮式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)在(zai)工作(zuo)時動、靜部件無(wu)接觸(chu)、無(wu)磨(mo)損,使用壽命(ming)長,在(zai)大容量(liang)給水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上應用廣泛(fan)。