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通河干磨密封解決了摩擦熱過高的問題

發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94583 來源:

  在使用過程中,大多數通河機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,通河機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。通河機械密封端(duan)(duan)面摩(mo)擦的(de)(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一般分為:流體摩(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)擦和邊(bian)界摩(mo)擦三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)擦。干摩(mo)擦狀(zhuang)態時,兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)面間的(de)(de)固(gu)體表(biao)(biao)面微凸體將直(zhi)接接觸而引(yin)起劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時一方(fang)面會使摩(mo)擦表(biao)(biao)面物質喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面損(sun)壞;另一方(fang)面會產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦熱直(zhi)至燒(shao)毀密(mi)封。在無流體介質的(de)(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下,如(ru)何減少磨(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)擦熱,那就要(yao)依(yi)靠干磨(mo)密(mi)封了。


  干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用材(cai)質為耐(nai)磨(mo)碳(tan)精(jing),結構包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少裝有二個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)之間有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有耐(nai)磨(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料一般為三氧化二鋁或(huo)三氧化二鉻(ge)。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要(yao)增(zeng)加隔離(li)氣,通常(chang)使(shi)用氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒(du)介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有外(wai)罩(zhao)及架設于外(wai)罩(zhao)上且可(ke)呈相對旋轉及貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有供旋轉軸安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上設有促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件(jian)。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。

41.JPG

  摩擦材料應具備(bei)下列(lie)條件:


  (1)機械(xie)強度高,能(neng)耐壓和(he)耐壓力變(bian)形;


  (2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載(zai)荷性,自潤滑性好(hao);


  (3)配(pei)對材(cai)料的磨合性(xing)好,無過大的磨損和對偶腐蝕;


  (4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩(mo)擦(ca)材料雖然是易損(sun)件,起到保護制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)的(de)作用(yong),但要求具有一定(ding)的(de)耐磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對(dui)偶,都會造成制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不(bu)穩定(ding);


  (5)導熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)(re)性(xing)好,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大小,即包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re),也(ye)包(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)好的必然散熱(re)(re)性(xing)也(ye)好;


  (6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問題可能需要改變封孔(kong)方法;


  (7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強(qiang),一些有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性與有(you)些流體的(de)耐腐(fu)蝕性結(jie)合;


  (8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱(re)膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材(cai)料與摩(mo)擦對偶之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀制(zhi)動、傳動裝置。