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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98647 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數托克遜機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,托克遜機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。托克遜機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況一般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能(neng)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi)(shi)(shi),兩(liang)端面(mian)間(jian)的(de)固(gu)體(ti)表面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)而引起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時(shi)(shi)(shi)一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)物質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直至(zhi)燒毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介(jie)質的(de)工(gong)況下,如何減(jian)少磨(mo)損降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)封了。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用材質為耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)有(you)二個(ge)截面(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材料(liao)一般為三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁或三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣(qi),通常使用氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由于操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可(ke)以干運行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應用。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)架設于外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上且可(ke)呈相(xiang)對旋(xuan)(xuan)轉及(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有(you)供旋(xuan)(xuan)轉軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上設有(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)彈性抵(di)壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之外(wai)(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)材料(liao)問題(ti)。
摩(mo)擦材料應具備下列條(tiao)件(jian):
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載荷(he)性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大(da)的磨(mo)損和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損件(jian),起到(dao)保護制動(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置的作(zuo)用,但要求具有(you)一定的耐(nai)磨性,使(shi)用壽命盡量要長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附對(dui)偶,都(dou)會造成制動(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)的震動(dong)(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)(re)性(xing)好,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)量的(de)能(neng)力(li)大小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re),也包(bao)括散熱(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)好的(de)必然(ran)散熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性好(hao),根本解決抗熱裂性問題可能需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一些有色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的(de)摩擦學特性(xing)與有些流體(ti)的(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小,熱膨(peng)脹會(hui)造成摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對(dui)偶之間的間隙(xi)過小,發(fa)生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。