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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94565 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數萬榮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,萬榮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。萬榮機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分(fen)為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能(neng)長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間的(de)固體(ti)表面(mian)微凸(tu)體(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而引(yin)起劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表面(mian)物質喪失或遷(qian)移,導致表面(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒(shao)毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質的(de)工況下,如何(he)減少磨損(sun)降低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就要(yao)依靠干磨密(mi)封了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用材(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐(nai)磨碳精,結構包括環(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)(you)環(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至少裝有(you)(you)二(er)個(ge)截(jie)面為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)行(xing)石墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的(de)內徑與環(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料一般為(wei)三(san)(san)氧化(hua)二(er)鋁或(huo)三(san)(san)氧化(hua)二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用氮氣,氮氣耗量能(neng)控制在(zai)25-40。主(zhu)要應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由(you)于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)要復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing),得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及架設(she)于外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上且(qie)可(ke)呈相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上分開(kai)設(she)有(you)(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通孔,且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)端面分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上設(she)有(you)(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平(ping)行(xing)之外(wai)(wai)(wai),主(zhu)要是摩(mo)擦副(fu)的(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing),耐高(gao)載荷性(xing),自潤(run)滑(hua)性(xing)好(hao);
(3)配(pei)對(dui)材料的(de)磨合(he)性好,無(wu)過(guo)大(da)的(de)磨損(sun)和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦(ca)材料雖(sui)然是易損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的(de)(de)作用(yong),但要(yao)求具有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)耐磨性,使(shi)用(yong)壽命盡量(liang)要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會(hui)造成制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)震動(dong)和不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding);
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)和散熱性(xing)(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱量(liang)的(de)能力大小(xiao),即(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱,也包(bao)括(kuo)散熱,所以,導(dao)(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)好的(de)必然散熱性(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本(ben)解決(jue)抗熱裂性問題可能需要(yao)改(gai)變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一(yi)些有(you)色金屬(shu)合(he)(he)金能將良好的摩(mo)擦學(xue)特性與有(you)些流體的耐腐蝕性結合(he)(he);
(8)線膨(peng)(peng)脹系數小,熱(re)膨(peng)(peng)脹會造成摩擦(ca)材料與(yu)摩擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發(fa)生拖(tuo)摩,損(sun)毀制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝置。