填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密封是指通過預緊(jin)或(huo)介質壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉(zhuan)動(dong)件(jian)及固(gu)定件(jian)之(zhi)間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構(gou)形式較多(duo)(duo)，主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)組成(cheng)(cheng)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉(mian)織物(wu)、碳纖維(wei)、橡膠、柔性(xing)石墨和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等，預制成(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)狀或(huo)條狀（有的(de)(de)(de)需預先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)），并(bing)采用(yong)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)或(huo)螺(luo)旋(xuan)狀多(duo)(duo)層結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以(yi)安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈簧等，用(yong)以(yi)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊(jin)，工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止介質外漏，彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。

　　填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以后，經(jing)壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸向(xiang)壓(ya)縮，當(dang)軸與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對運(yun)動時(shi)，由于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性，使它產生徑(jing)向(xiang)力(li)，并與(yu)(yu)軸緊(jin)密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi)，填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑被擠出，在(zai)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀態并不是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de)，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)便(bian)出現“邊界潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)”狀態，稱為“軸承效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)”；而未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)部形(xing)成(cheng)小(xiao)油(you)槽(cao)，有(you)較厚的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)組(zu)成(cheng)一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)迷宮(gong)，起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作用，此稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然，良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)在(zai)于維(wei)持“軸承效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)”和“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。也就是(shi)說，要保(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)和適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)不良，或(huo)壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜中斷，造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸之(zhi)間(jian)出現干摩擦，最后導致燒軸和出現嚴重磨損。

　　為(wei)此，需(xu)要經常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)程度進行(xing)調整，以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤滑(hua)劑在運(yun)行(xing)一段時間(jian)流失之后(hou)，再擠出一些潤滑(hua)劑，同時補償填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)因(yin)體積變化所造成的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)力松(song)弛。顯然(ran)，這樣經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，最終將使浸(jin)漬劑枯竭，所以(yi)定期更換填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要的(de)。此外，為(wei)了(le)維持液(ye)膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱(re)，有(you)(you)意讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)處(chu)有(you)(you)少量(liang)泄漏也是(shi)必要的(de)。