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發布時間(jian):2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:128081 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密封是指通(tong)過預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)或介質(zhi)壓力(li)的(de)(de)(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉(zhuan)動件(jian)及固定件(jian)之間產生壓緊(jin)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)動密封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)需預(yu)(yu)先浸漬(zi)潤滑性(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)包(bao)括壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin),工作(zuo)時(shi)阻止介質(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈(dan)簧可(ke)起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)料(liao)腔以(yi)后,經(jing)壓蓋螺絲對它作(zuo)軸(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對運(yun)動時(shi),由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑性,使(shi)(shi)它產(chan)生徑向力(li),并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)接觸。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬的(de)潤滑劑被(bei)擠出(chu)(chu)(chu),在(zai)接觸面之間(jian)形成(cheng)油膜(mo)(mo)。由于接觸狀態(tai)并不(bu)是特別均(jun)勻的(de),接觸部位便(bian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現“邊界潤滑”狀態(tai),稱為“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”;而未接觸的(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油槽(cao),有(you)較厚的(de)油膜(mo)(mo),接觸部位與(yu)非接觸部位組成(cheng)一(yi)道(dao)不(bu)規則的(de)迷宮(gong),起阻止液(ye)流泄漏(lou)的(de)作(zuo)用,此(ci)稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)機理。顯然(ran),良好的(de)密(mi)封在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”和(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。也就是說,要保(bao)持良好的(de)潤滑和(he)適當的(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑不(bu)良,或(huo)壓得(de)過緊(jin)都會使(shi)(shi)油膜(mo)(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間(jian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現干摩擦,最后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現嚴重磨損(sun)。
為(wei)此(ci)(ci),需要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)對填料的壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便填料中的潤滑劑在運(yun)行一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)流失之(zhi)后,再擠(ji)出一些潤滑劑,同時(shi)補償填料因(yin)體積變化所(suo)造成的壓(ya)緊力(li)松(song)弛。顯然,這(zhe)樣經(jing)常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填料,最終(zhong)將使浸漬劑枯竭,所(suo)以定期更換填料是必(bi)要(yao)的。此(ci)(ci)外,為(wei)了維(wei)持液(ye)膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填料處(chu)有少(shao)量(liang)泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的。