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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣(qi):94635 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數武鄉機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,武鄉機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。武鄉機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)的工(gong)況一般(ban)分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不(bu)能長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間的固體表(biao)面(mian)微凸體將直(zhi)接接觸而引起劇烈的磨損。磨損時(shi)一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導(dao)致表(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)會產生大量的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒(shao)毀密封。在(zai)無(wu)流體介(jie)質(zhi)的工(gong)況下,如何減少磨損降低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠(kao)干磨密封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質為耐磨碳精,結構包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)二個截(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)(you)耐磨涂層,涂層材(cai)料一般為三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁或(huo)三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時需要(yao)增加隔(ge)離(li)氣,通(tong)(tong)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒介質,由于(yu)操作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以(yi)干(gan)(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)(you)(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)且(qie)(qie)可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩固定連接(jie),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設有(you)(you)(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)孔,且(qie)(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要(yao)是摩(mo)擦(ca)副的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料問題(ti)。
摩(mo)擦材(cai)料應具備下列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強(qiang)度高(gao),能耐壓和(he)耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載(zai)荷性,自潤(run)滑性好(hao);
(3)配對材料的磨合性好,無(wu)過大(da)的磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料雖然是易損件(jian),起到保護制動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的作用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定的耐磨(mo)性,使用(yong)壽命盡量(liang)要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附(fu)對偶,都會(hui)造成(cheng)制動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)的震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導熱性(xing)和(he)散熱性(xing)好,導熱性(xing)是傳(chuan)導熱量的能力大小,即包(bao)括吸熱,也(ye)包(bao)括散熱,所(suo)以(yi),導熱性(xing)好的必然散熱性(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)問題可能需要改變封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)(shi)性強,一(yi)些有色(se)金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性與有些流體的(de)耐腐蝕(shi)(shi)性結合;
(8)線(xian)膨脹系(xi)數小,熱膨脹會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間的間隙過(guo)小,發生拖摩,損(sun)毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。