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發布時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116461 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、孝昌機械密封、浮動環密封和(he)迷(mi)宮密封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、水封(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)等組成,是目(mu)前(qian)普通(tong)離(li)心(xin)(xin)泵最常(chang)采用的(de)(de)一種軸(zhou)(zhou)封(feng)。離(li)心(xin)(xin)泵工(gong)作時,壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)(jin),使(shi)泄漏量減(jian)小,從而達到密封(feng)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不(bu)能(neng)過松或過緊(jin)(jin)(jin),過緊(jin)(jin)(jin)則造成軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)表(biao)面摩擦加大,溫度迅速升高,嚴重(zhong)時可導致(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)燒(shao)壞;過松則泄漏量加大,離(li)心(xin)(xin)泵效(xiao)率下降。壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)程(cheng)度應使(shi)液(ye)體從填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)漏出(chu)少(shao)量液(ye)滴為宜。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱中(zhong)裝有(you)水(shui)封(feng)環,通過水(shui)封(feng)環引入(ru)潔凈水(shui),使(shi)其在(zai)軸上形成(cheng)水(shui)環進行密(mi)封(feng),以防止空氣(qi)漏人泵(beng)(beng)內(nei)或(huo)泵(beng)(beng)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)力水(shui)漏出泵(beng)(beng)外,密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)在(zai)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸之間,同時亦起冷卻(que)與(yu)潤滑作用(yong)(yong)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨油浸石(shi)棉繩(sheng)或(huo)石(shi)墨油浸含銅、鋁(lv)等(deng)金屬絲的石(shi)棉繩(sheng),高壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯(xi)效果(guo)好。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封(feng)具有(you)結(jie)構簡(jian)單、工(gong)作可靠造(zao)價(jia)低等(deng)優點;但(dan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命短,軸套易磨損,且造(zao)成(cheng)介(jie)質泄漏損失,一般用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)泵(beng)(beng)上。
它(ta)主要(yao)由(you)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)(huang)、密封環(huan)(huan)等組成(cheng)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)用(yong)定(ding)位(wei)螺栓銷定(ding)在轉軸上(shang)(shang),與(yu)軸一起(qi)轉動(dong)(dong);靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)使用(yong)防轉銷固定(ding)在泵體(ti)上(shang)(shang),靜(jing)止不(bu)動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)在液體(ti)壓力(li)及彈簧(huang)(huang)力(li)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下與(yu)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)的(de)端面保持均勻、緊密接(jie)觸,從(cong)而(er)實現密封。為了保證動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)的(de)正常工作(zuo),在兩環(huan)(huan)的(de)端面間需要(yao)保持一層(ceng)極薄的(de)水膜,起(qi)冷卻和(he)潤滑的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。孝昌機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。孝昌機械密封缺點是結(jie)構復(fu)雜,端面加工精度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)極(ji)高,價格昂貴,且安裝(zhuang)技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高,另(ling)一方(fang)面對介(jie)質清潔(jie)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高。
浮動環密封
它(ta)主(zhu)要由(you)(you)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧等(deng)組成。浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)是以(yi)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)撐環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)在液體壓力及(ji)彈簧力的(de)作用下保(bao)持緊密(mi)接(jie)觸來實現密(mi)封(feng)的(de);同(tong)時又以(yi)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內圓(yuan)表(biao)面(mian)與軸套外表(biao)面(mian)所形(xing)成的(de)微小(xiao)間隙(xi)對液體產生節流(liu)來達到軸向密(mi)封(feng)。液體的(de)支(zhi)撐力使浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿(yan)支(zhi)撐環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)徑向自由(you)(you)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心,當浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同(tong)心時,液體支(zhi)撐力平(ping)衡,浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)在浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于孝昌機械密封,結構簡(jian)單(dan),運(yun)行(xing)中無軸(zhou)(zhou)向碰撞問題,運(yun)行(xing)可靠(kao)、密封效(xiao)果好(hao);其缺點(dian)是軸(zhou)(zhou)向尺寸較(jiao)長(chang),對(dui)具有短而粗的軸(zhou)(zhou)的大(da)容量機組水泵應用較(jiao)少。
迷宮式密封
它是一(yi)種非接觸型的(de)流(liu)體動力(li)密封(feng),其機理是利用流(liu)體流(liu)過的(de)轉子與靜(jing)子間的(de)微小間隙產生的(de)節流(liu)降壓效(xiao)應來實現密封(feng)。
迷宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有多(duo)種不同型式,金(jin)屬(shu)迷宮(gong)(gong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)與靜(jing)(jing)子固接(jie)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)片在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸間(jian)形(xing)成多(duo)級突擴-突縮的(de)間(jian)隙,對軸向泄漏(lou)流體實施多(duo)級降壓(ya)、節流,從而實現密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng);螺(luo)旋(xuan)迷宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸表面上車(che)有與液(ye)體泄漏(lou)方向相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝(gou)槽,溝(gou)槽中注有略高于密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔室壓(ya)力的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)水,軸轉(zhuan)動時,螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝(gou)槽內(nei)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)水沿軸向螺(luo)旋(xuan)前進,阻止泵(beng)內(nei)液(ye)體的(de)外泄。迷宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)工作時動、靜(jing)(jing)部件(jian)無接(jie)觸(chu)、無磨(mo)損,使用壽命長,在(zai)(zai)大(da)容(rong)量給水泵(beng)上應用廣泛。