填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密封(feng)(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊或(huo)(huo)介(jie)質壓力的(de)自緊作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固(gu)定件之間(jian)產(chan)生壓緊力的(de)動密封(feng)(feng)裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)(feng)”。結構(gou)形式較多(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織(zhi)物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠(jiao)、柔性(xing)石墨和(he)工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)等(deng)，預(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)條(tiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)（有(you)的(de)需(xu)預(yu)先浸漬潤(run)滑(hua)性(xing)好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)物(wu)），并采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或(huo)(huo)螺旋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)多(duo)層(ceng)結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安(an)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件包括(kuo)壓蓋、螺栓和(he)彈(dan)簧(huang)等(deng)，用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質外漏(lou)，彈(dan)簧(huang)可(ke)起補償作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

　　填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以后，經壓(ya)蓋螺(luo)絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮，當軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)有相對運動時，由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性(xing)，使它產生徑向力(li)，并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu)，在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間(jian)(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)油(you)(you)膜(mo)。由于(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)并(bing)不是特別均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀態(tai)，稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”；而(er)未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)部(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)小油(you)(you)槽，有較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)膜(mo)，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)迷宮，起阻(zu)止液流(liu)泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，此稱(cheng)“迷宮效(xiao)(xiao)應”。這(zhe)就是填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封在于(yu)維(wei)持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”和“迷宮效(xiao)(xiao)應”。也就是說，要保持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不良(liang)，或壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使油(you)(you)膜(mo)中斷，造成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之間(jian)(jian)出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦(ca)，最后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。

　　為此(ci)，需要經常對填(tian)料的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)程(cheng)度(du)進行(xing)調整，以(yi)便填(tian)料中的(de)潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運行(xing)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間流失之后，再(zai)擠出一(yi)些潤(run)滑劑(ji)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)補償填(tian)料因體(ti)積變化所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)力松弛(chi)。顯然，這樣經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)料，最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭，所(suo)以(yi)定期更換填(tian)料是必要的(de)。此(ci)外(wai)，為了維持液膜和帶走摩(mo)擦熱，有(you)意(yi)讓填(tian)料處有(you)少量泄漏(lou)也是必要的(de)。