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小金機械密封的基本元件分別扮演了什么角色

發布時(shi)間:2021-06-01 15:16:25 人氣:181342 來源:川工密封

  小金機械密封是一種(zhong)依靠(kao)彈性(xing)元件(jian)對動、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)(mian)密封(feng)副(fu)(fu)的預(yu)緊和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力與彈性(xing)元件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊而達到密封(feng)的軸向端面(mian)(mian)密封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的端面(mian)(mian)組成一對摩擦副(fu)(fu),動環(huan)(huan)(huan)靠(kao)密封(feng)室(shi)中液體的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力使其(qi)端面(mian)(mian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊在靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)(mian)上(shang),并在兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)(mian)上(shang)產生適當的比壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)保(bao)持一層極薄的液體膜而達到密封(feng)的目的。

  常用小金機械密封結構由靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)(靜(jing)(jing)環(huan))、旋轉環(huan)(動環(huan))、彈(dan)(dan)性元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)、彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)座、固緊件(jian)、旋轉環(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈(quan)和靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈(quan)等元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)成(cheng),防轉銷固定在壓蓋(gai)上以防止靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)轉動。這些元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)都有哪些作(zuo)用呢?

  (1)動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan):保(bao)持緊密貼合組成(cheng)密封(feng)面(mian)防止介質泄漏(lou)。要求動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)具有良好的耐磨(mo)性(xing)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)可以軸向(xiang)移動(dong)(dong),自(zi)動(dong)(dong)補償密封(feng)面(mian)磨(mo)損,使之與靜環(huan)良好地(di)貼合,靜環(huan)有浮動(dong)(dong)性(xing),起緩沖(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)。 

  (2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型小金機械密封。波(bo)形管常用于(yu)高溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特殊條(tiao)件。 

  (3)輔助(zhu)密封(0形環(huan)(huan)、V形環(huan)(huan)、楔形環(huan)(huan)及其他異(yi)形密封環(huan)(huan)):主要(yao)起到靜環(huan)(huan)和動(dong)環(huan)(huan)的密封作用(yong),同時也起到浮(fu)動(dong)性和緩沖(chong)的作用(yong)。要(yao)求靜環(huan)(huan)的輔助(zhu)密封元(yuan)件保證靜環(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓蓋(gai)之間(jian)的密封性,使靜環(huan)(huan)有一定(ding)的浮(fu)動(dong)性,動(dong)環(huan)(huan)的輔助(zhu)密封元(yuan)件保證動(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)或軸(zhou)套之間(jian)的密封.材料要(yao)求耐熱、耐寒方(fang)面與(yu)介質接近。 

  (4)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)銷(xiao)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)突耳或牙嵌式聯接(jie)器,其(qi)作用是將軸的轉矩(ju)傳(chuan)給(gei)動(dong)(dong)環(huan),材料要求耐腐蝕和耐磨損。 

  (5)固緊(jin)件:包括(kuo)緊(jin)定(ding)螺釘(ding)、彈簧(huang)座、壓(ya)蓋、組(zu)裝套(tao)、軸套(tao)。起著靜、動環的定(ding)位(wei)(wei)、固緊(jin)作用(yong)。要(yao)(yao)求定(ding)位(wei)(wei)正確,保證摩擦副(fu)密封面(mian)處于正確的位(wei)(wei)置,并且保持良好貼合的彈簧(huang)比(bi)壓(ya),同時要(yao)(yao)求拆裝方便,容易就位(wei)(wei),能(neng)重復(fu)使(shi)用(yong),與(yu)輔(fu)助密封配(pei)(pei)合處應注意(yi)安(an)裝密封環的倒角和(he)壓(ya)彈量,特(te)別注意(yi)動環密封圈與(yu)軸套(tao)配(pei)(pei)合處要(yao)(yao)求耐腐(fu)蝕和(he)耐磨損(sun),必要(yao)(yao)時采(cai)用(yong)硬面(mian)復(fu)層。

  介紹完了小金機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。小金機械密封的泄漏(lou)點基(ji)本上都表現在6處(chu)(chu)(chu):①動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面處(chu)(chu)(chu);②靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)盒(he)的輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);③靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)壓蓋與離心泵泵體之(zhi)間的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);④動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)鑲嵌結構配(pei)合處(chu)(chu)(chu);⑤軸(zhou)套與泵軸(zhou)之(zhi)間的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);⑥動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸(zhou)套的輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)。

  注意:⑤和(he)⑥只(zhi)有在安裝軸套時才存(cun)在。