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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣(qi):98725 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數蕭縣機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,蕭縣機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。蕭縣機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分(fen)為:流(liu)體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界(jie)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能(neng)長(chang)時間干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)微凸體將直(zhi)(zhi)接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失或遷移,導(dao)致表面(mian)(mian)損壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直(zhi)(zhi)至燒毀密封。在無流(liu)體介質的(de)工況下,如何減少(shao)磨損降低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠(kao)干(gan)(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一(yi)種,常(chang)用材(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao),密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝(zhuang)有二(er)個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)有0.01-0.04的(de)間(jian)隙,軸套(tao)外表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)三氧化二(er)鋁或(huo)三氧化二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需(xu)要增加隔離氣(qi),通常(chang)使(shi)用氮(dan)氣(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要應(ying)用于(yu)(yu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)(yu)操(cao)作維修簡單(dan),密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需(xu)要復雜(za)的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用。干(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有外罩(zhao)及架設(she)于(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)且可(ke)呈相對旋(xuan)轉及貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)固定連接(jie),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)分開設(she)有供(gong)旋(xuan)轉軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設(she)有促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要保(bao)持密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外,主要是摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應(ying)具備下列條件:
(1)機械(xie)強(qiang)度高,能耐(nai)壓和耐(nai)壓力變(bian)形;
(2)具(ju)有耐(nai)(nai)干磨性(xing),耐(nai)(nai)高載荷性(xing),自(zi)潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨合性好,無過大(da)的(de)磨損和對偶(ou)腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩擦材(cai)料雖然是易損(sun)件,起(qi)到保護制動或傳動裝置的(de)作用(yong),但要求具(ju)有一(yi)定的(de)耐磨(mo)性,使用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會(hui)造成制動或傳動的(de)震動和不(bu)穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和(he)散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re),也(ye)包括(kuo)散熱(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好的必然(ran)散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)熱(re)裂性好,根本解(jie)決抗(kang)熱(re)裂性問題(ti)可能(neng)需要改變(bian)封(feng)孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang),一(yi)些(xie)有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良(liang)好的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與有(you)些(xie)流體的耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數小(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會造成摩擦(ca)(ca)材(cai)料與摩擦(ca)(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩,損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。