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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98710 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數西昌鎮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,西昌鎮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。西昌鎮機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩擦(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)摩擦(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)和(he)邊界摩擦(ca)三類,但不能長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩擦(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)間(jian)的(de)固(gu)體(ti)表面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)使摩擦(ca)表面(mian)物質喪失或遷(qian)移,導致(zhi)表面(mian)損壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)產(chan)生大量的(de)摩擦(ca)熱(re)(re)直至燒毀(hui)密封。在(zai)無流體(ti)介質的(de)工況下(xia),如何減少(shao)磨損降低摩擦(ca)熱(re)(re),那(nei)就(jiu)要依靠(kao)干(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮(fu)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用材質為耐(nai)磨(mo)碳(tan)精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)二(er)個截面為矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面涂有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)涂層,涂層材料(liao)一般(ban)為三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁(lv)或三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離氣,通(tong)(tong)常使用氮氣,氮氣耗量能(neng)控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介質,由于(yu)(yu)操作(zuo)維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好(hao),不(bu)需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系(xi)統,可以干(gan)(gan)運行,得到(dao)廣(guang)泛的(de)應用。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)架設(she)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋(xuan)(xuan)轉及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩固定(ding)連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設(she)有(you)(you)供旋(xuan)(xuan)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)通(tong)(tong)孔,且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)端面分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)罩上(shang)設(she)有(you)(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平(ping)行之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應(ying)具(ju)備下列條件:
(1)機械(xie)強(qiang)度高,能耐壓和耐壓力(li)變(bian)形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高載荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合(he)性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易損件,起(qi)到保護制動(dong)或(huo)(huo)傳動(dong)裝置的作用,但要(yao)求具有一定(ding)的耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing),使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或(huo)(huo)傳動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩(wen)定(ding);
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao),導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力大小,即(ji)包括吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re),也包括散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問題(ti)可能(neng)需(xu)要(yao)改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)強,一些(xie)有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能(neng)將(jiang)良(liang)好的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)學特性(xing)與(yu)有(you)些(xie)流體的(de)(de)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小,熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)材(cai)料(liao)與摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙(xi)過小,發生拖摩(mo)(mo),損毀(hui)制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝置。