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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133801 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密(mi)封(feng)是(shi)指通過預(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或介質(zhi)(zhi)壓力的(de)自緊(jin)(jin)作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)件及固(gu)定件之間產生壓緊(jin)(jin)力的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)封(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物、碳纖維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性(xing)石墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有(you)的(de)需預(yu)先浸漬潤(run)滑性(xing)好的(de)填(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安(an)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件包括壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工作時(shi)阻止介質(zhi)(zhi)外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲(si)對(dui)它作(zuo)(zuo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有相(xiang)對(dui)運(yun)動時,由于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性(xing),使它產生(sheng)徑向(xiang)力(li),并與軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)。與此同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸漬的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑劑被(bei)擠(ji)出,在接(jie)觸(chu)面之間形(xing)成油(you)膜(mo)。由于接(jie)觸(chu)狀態并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)部位便出現“邊(bian)界(jie)潤(run)滑”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)部形(xing)成小油(you)槽,有較厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)觸(chu)部位與非接(jie)觸(chu)部位組成一道不(bu)(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻止液流泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,此稱“迷(mi)(mi)宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。這就(jiu)是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)在于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”和“迷(mi)(mi)宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是(shi)說,要保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑和適當的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤(run)滑不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang),或壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜(mo)中(zhong)斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出現干摩擦,最(zui)后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出現嚴重(zhong)磨損。
為此(ci),需要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)程度(du)進(jin)行(xing)調整,以便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑在運行(xing)一(yi)段時間流失(shi)之后,再擠出一(yi)些(xie)潤(run)滑劑,同時補(bu)償填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體(ti)積變化所(suo)造(zao)成的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)力松弛。顯然,這樣經(jing)常(chang)擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將使浸(jin)漬劑枯竭,所(suo)以定期(qi)更換填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)。此(ci)外(wai),為了(le)維持液膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)。