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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣(qi):133992 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)封(feng)是指(zhi)通過預(yu)緊或介質(zhi)壓力的(de)(de)自緊作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)及(ji)固定件(jian)之(zhi)間產生壓緊力的(de)(de)動密(mi)封(feng)裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)封(feng)”。結構形式較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉織物、碳纖(xian)維(wei)、橡膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制(zhi)成環狀或條狀(有(you)的(de)(de)需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺旋狀多(duo)層(ceng)結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)包括壓蓋、螺栓和彈簧(huang)等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工(gong)作時阻止(zhi)介質(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈簧(huang)可起補償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料裝入填(tian)料腔(qiang)以后,經壓蓋螺絲對它作(zuo)軸(zhou)向(xiang)壓縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)填(tian)料有相對運動時,由于填(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性,使它產生徑(jing)向(xiang)力,并(bing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)(yu)此同(tong)時,填(tian)料中浸漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑被擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)之(zhi)間(jian)形成(cheng)油膜(mo)。由于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并(bing)不是(shi)特(te)別均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位便出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)“邊界潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)(cheng)為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”;而(er)未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部形成(cheng)小(xiao)油槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位與(yu)(yu)(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位組成(cheng)一道(dao)不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)迷宮(gong)(gong),起阻止液(ye)流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,此稱(cheng)(cheng)“迷宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。這就是(shi)填(tian)料密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”和“迷宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。也(ye)就是(shi)說,要(yao)保持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)和適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓緊。若潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)不良,或壓得過緊都會使油膜(mo)中斷(duan),造成(cheng)填(tian)料與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)干(gan)摩擦,最(zui)后導致燒(shao)軸(zhou)和出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)嚴重磨損。
為此,需要(yao)經常(chang)對(dui)填料(liao)(liao)的壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便填料(liao)(liao)中的潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運行一段時間流失(shi)之后,再擠出一些潤(run)滑劑(ji),同(tong)時補償填料(liao)(liao)因體積變(bian)化所造成的壓(ya)緊力(li)松弛(chi)。顯(xian)然,這樣經常(chang)擠壓(ya)填料(liao)(liao),最(zui)終將使浸(jin)漬劑(ji)枯竭,所以定期更(geng)換填料(liao)(liao)是必要(yao)的。此外,為了維(wei)持液膜和(he)帶(dai)走摩擦熱(re),有意讓填料(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必要(yao)的。