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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94561 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數新絳機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,新絳機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。新絳機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況一(yi)般分為(wei):流體摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三(san)類,但不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸(tu)體將(jiang)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引(yin)起劇烈(lie)的(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產生(sheng)大(da)量的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至(zhi)燒毀密(mi)封。在無流體介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)工(gong)況下,如(ru)何(he)減少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)封了。
干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳(tan)精(jing),結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少(shao)裝有(you)(you)二個(ge)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料一般為三氧(yang)化(hua)二鋁或三氧(yang)化(hua)二鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)增加(jia)隔(ge)離氣(qi),通(tong)常使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由(you)于(yu)操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)復雜(za)的(de)潤滑(hua)冷卻系(xi)統,可(ke)以(yi)干運行(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)且(qie)可(ke)呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合(he)的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開(kai)設有(you)(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸安裝的(de)通(tong)孔,且(qie)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)(you)促(cu)使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料問題(ti)。
摩擦(ca)材(cai)料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高載(zai)荷性,自潤(run)滑性好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨(mo)合性好,無過大的(de)磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是(shi)易(yi)損件(jian),起到保(bao)護(hu)制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的(de)作用(yong),但要求具(ju)有一定的(de)耐(nai)磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶(ou),都會造成制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱性(xing)和散(san)熱性(xing)好,導(dao)熱性(xing)是(shi)傳(chuan)導(dao)熱量(liang)的能力大(da)小,即包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱,也包(bao)括(kuo)散(san)熱,所以,導(dao)熱性(xing)好的必然散(san)熱性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好(hao),根本解決抗熱裂(lie)性問題(ti)可能需要改變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)強,一(yi)些(xie)有色金屬合(he)金能將良好的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與有些(xie)流體(ti)的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)結合(he);
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙(xi)過小(xiao),發生拖(tuo)摩,損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。