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發布時間(jian):2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116089 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、新政鎮機械密封、浮動環(huan)密(mi)封和迷宮密(mi)封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓蓋(gai)、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)、水封(feng)(feng)環、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱等(deng)組成,是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)普(pu)通離心泵最(zui)常采用的一種軸(zhou)封(feng)(feng)。離心泵工作時(shi),壓蓋(gai)將填(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓緊(jin),使(shi)泄漏(lou)量減小,從而達到密封(feng)(feng)的目(mu)的。壓蓋(gai)不能(neng)過(guo)松或(huo)過(guo)緊(jin),過(guo)緊(jin)則造(zao)成軸(zhou)套與填(tian)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面摩擦加大,溫度迅速(su)升高,嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)可導致軸(zhou)套和(he)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)燒壞;過(guo)松則泄漏(lou)量加大,離心泵效(xiao)率(lv)下(xia)降。壓緊(jin)程度應使(shi)液體從填(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱漏(lou)出少量液滴(di)為(wei)宜(yi)。
填(tian)料箱(xiang)中裝(zhuang)有水(shui)(shui)封(feng)(feng)環,通過(guo)水(shui)(shui)封(feng)(feng)環引入(ru)潔凈水(shui)(shui),使(shi)其在(zai)軸(zhou)上形(xing)成水(shui)(shui)環進(jin)行密封(feng)(feng),以(yi)防止空(kong)氣漏人泵(beng)內或(huo)泵(beng)內壓力水(shui)(shui)漏出泵(beng)外,密封(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)填(tian)料與軸(zhou)之間,同(tong)時亦起冷卻與潤滑作用(yong)。填(tian)料常采用(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨油浸石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)繩或(huo)石(shi)(shi)墨油浸含銅、鋁等金屬絲的石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)繩,高壓泵(beng)采用(yong)聚(ju)四(si)氟乙烯(xi)效果好。填(tian)料密封(feng)(feng)具有結構簡單、工(gong)作可靠(kao)造價低等優點;但使(shi)用(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)套易磨損(sun),且(qie)造成介質泄(xie)漏損(sun)失,一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)于中低壓水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上。
它主要由動(dong)環(huan)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密封(feng)環(huan)等組成。動(dong)環(huan)用定(ding)位(wei)螺栓銷定(ding)在(zai)轉軸上(shang),與(yu)軸一起轉動(dong);靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)使用防轉銷固定(ding)在(zai)泵體上(shang),靜(jing)(jing)止不(bu)動(dong)。動(dong)環(huan)在(zai)液體壓力及彈簧(huang)力的作用下與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)的端面保持均(jun)勻(yun)、緊密接觸,從而(er)實現密封(feng)。為了保證動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)的正常工作,在(zai)兩環(huan)的端面間(jian)需要保持一層極薄的水膜,起冷卻和潤(run)滑的作用。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。新政鎮機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。新政鎮機械密封缺點是結構(gou)復雜,端面加工精度要(yao)求極高,價格昂貴(gui),且(qie)安裝技術要(yao)求高,另一方面對(dui)介質清潔度要(yao)求較高。
浮動環密封
它(ta)主要(yao)由(you)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)等組成。浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密封(feng)(feng)是(shi)以(yi)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密封(feng)(feng)端面在(zai)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)壓(ya)力及彈簧(huang)力的(de)作用下保持緊密接觸來實(shi)現密封(feng)(feng)的(de);同(tong)時又以(yi)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內圓表面與軸套外(wai)表面所形成的(de)微小間隙對液(ye)(ye)體(ti)產生節流來達到軸向(xiang)密封(feng)(feng)。液(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)支撐(cheng)力使浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密封(feng)(feng)端面徑向(xiang)自由(you)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)調(diao)整環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心,當浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同(tong)心時,液(ye)(ye)體(ti)支撐(cheng)力平衡,浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不在(zai)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于新政鎮機械密封,結構簡單,運行(xing)中(zhong)無(wu)軸向碰撞問題,運行(xing)可靠、密封效(xiao)果好;其缺點是軸向尺寸(cun)較長,對具有短而粗的軸的大容量機組(zu)水泵應用較少(shao)。
迷宮式密封
它是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)非接觸型的流(liu)體動力(li)密封(feng),其機理是(shi)利(li)用流(liu)體流(liu)過(guo)的轉子(zi)與靜子(zi)間(jian)的微(wei)小(xiao)間(jian)隙產生的節流(liu)降壓(ya)效應來實現(xian)密封(feng)。
迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)有(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)不同型式(shi),金屬(shu)(shu)迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)密(mi)封(feng)與靜(jing)子固接的金屬(shu)(shu)密(mi)封(feng)片(pian)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)間(jian)形成多(duo)(duo)級突擴-突縮的間(jian)隙,對軸(zhou)(zhou)向泄(xie)漏流(liu)體實(shi)施多(duo)(duo)級降壓(ya)(ya)、節流(liu),從而實(shi)現(xian)密(mi)封(feng);螺(luo)旋(xuan)迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)表面上(shang)車有(you)與液體泄(xie)漏方向相(xiang)反的螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽,溝槽中注有(you)略高于密(mi)封(feng)腔室壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的密(mi)封(feng)水,軸(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動時,螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽內的密(mi)封(feng)水沿(yan)軸(zhou)(zhou)向螺(luo)旋(xuan)前進,阻止泵內液體的外泄(xie)。迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)在工作時動、靜(jing)部件(jian)無接觸、無磨損,使(shi)用壽命長,在大(da)容量給(gei)水泵上(shang)應用廣(guang)泛(fan)。