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發(fa)布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣:133779 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)是指(zhi)通(tong)過預緊或(huo)介質(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)自緊作(zuo)用使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)(dong)件(jian)及固(gu)定件(jian)之間產(chan)生壓(ya)緊力(li)的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)裝置。又稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)(mi)封(feng)”。結(jie)(jie)構形式較(jiao)多,主要(yao)由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)組成(cheng)。常用的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠(jiao)、柔性石墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或(huo)條狀(zhuang)(有(you)的(de)需預先(xian)浸漬潤滑性好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采用多環或(huo)螺旋狀(zhuang)多層(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺栓(shuan)和彈簧等,用以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊,工作(zuo)時阻止介質(zhi)外漏,彈簧可(ke)起補償作(zuo)用。
填(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)料(liao)腔以后(hou),經壓(ya)蓋螺絲(si)對它(ta)作軸(zhou)向(xiang)壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)與填(tian)料(liao)有相對運(yun)動時,由于(yu)填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑(su)性,使它(ta)產生徑向(xiang)力,并(bing)與軸(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸。與此同時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑劑被(bei)擠出(chu),在接(jie)(jie)觸面(mian)之間形成(cheng)油膜(mo)。由于(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸狀(zhuang)態并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)特別均勻(yun)的(de),接(jie)(jie)觸部位便出(chu)現“邊界(jie)潤(run)滑”狀(zhuang)態,稱為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”;而(er)未接(jie)(jie)觸的(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油槽,有較厚的(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸部位與非接(jie)(jie)觸部位組成(cheng)一道不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)迷宮,起(qi)阻(zu)止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)作用,此稱“迷宮效(xiao)應”。這就是(shi)填(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)機(ji)理。顯然,良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)密封在于(yu)維(wei)持“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”和(he)“迷宮效(xiao)應”。也就是(shi)說,要保持良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)滑和(he)適當的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若潤(run)滑不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang),或(huo)壓(ya)得(de)過緊(jin)都(dou)會使油膜(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)之間出(chu)現干摩擦,最(zui)后(hou)導致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現嚴重磨損。
為此,需要(yao)經(jing)(jing)常對(dui)填(tian)料(liao)的壓緊程度進行調(diao)整(zheng),以(yi)便填(tian)料(liao)中的潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運(yun)行一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)流失之(zhi)后,再(zai)擠出一些潤(run)滑劑(ji),同時(shi)補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所造成的壓緊力松(song)弛。顯然,這樣經(jing)(jing)常擠壓填(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將使浸漬(zi)劑(ji)枯竭(jie),所以(yi)定期更換填(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的。此外,為了維持(chi)液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意(yi)讓填(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的。