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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣(qi):133949 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)封(feng)(feng)是指通過(guo)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或介質(zhi)壓(ya)力的自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動件及固(gu)(gu)定件之間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)力的動密(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)”。結構形(xing)式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件組成(cheng)(cheng)。常用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)工(gong)程塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)(yu)制成(cheng)(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有(you)的需預(yu)(yu)先浸漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件包(bao)括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈簧(huang)等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止介質(zhi)外漏(lou),彈簧(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以后,經(jing)壓(ya)蓋螺絲(si)對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相(xiang)對運動時,由于填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性,使(shi)它產生(sheng)徑向力,并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊密(mi)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時,填(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸(jin)漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)劑(ji)被擠出(chu),在(zai)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之間形成(cheng)油(you)膜(mo)(mo)。由于接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)(tai)并(bing)不是特別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位便(bian)出(chu)現(xian)“邊(bian)界(jie)潤(run)滑(hua)”狀態(tai)(tai),稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo)(mo),接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位與(yu)(yu)非接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位組成(cheng)一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)迷宮(gong),起阻(zu)止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作用,此(ci)稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。這就(jiu)是填(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)機理(li)。顯(xian)然,良好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是說(shuo),要保(bao)持良好的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)和(he)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若(ruo)潤(run)滑(hua)不良,或壓(ya)得過(guo)緊都(dou)會(hui)使(shi)油(you)膜(mo)(mo)中(zhong)斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此,需要經常(chang)(chang)對填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)程度(du)進(jin)行調(diao)整,以(yi)便填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中的(de)(de)潤滑劑(ji)(ji)在運行一段時間流失之后,再擠出一些潤滑劑(ji)(ji),同時補(bu)償填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)因體積變化(hua)所造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)力松弛。顯然,這樣經常(chang)(chang)擠壓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),最終將使浸漬(zi)劑(ji)(ji)枯竭,所以(yi)定期更換填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要的(de)(de)。此外,為(wei)了維持(chi)液膜和(he)帶走(zou)摩擦熱(re),有意讓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)處有少(shao)量泄漏也是(shi)必要的(de)(de)。