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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133764 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改(gai)集式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)或介質壓力的(de)(de)自緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)件及(ji)固(gu)(gu)定件之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)力的(de)(de)動(dong)密封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結構形式(shi)較(jiao)多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織(zhi)物、碳纖(xian)維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性石墨(mo)和工(gong)(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)(yu)制成環狀或條狀(有的(de)(de)需預(yu)(yu)先浸(jin)漬潤滑性好(hao)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)充(chong)物),并采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺旋狀多(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件包括壓蓋、螺栓和彈(dan)簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)(gong)作時阻止(zhi)介質外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補償(chang)作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以(yi)后(hou),經壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋螺絲對它(ta)作軸向壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮,當(dang)軸與(yu)(yu)(yu)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)相(xiang)對運(yun)動(dong)時(shi),由于填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性(xing),使(shi)它(ta)產生徑向力(li),并與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸緊密(mi)(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑劑被(bei)擠出,在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之(zhi)間(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)油膜。由于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)并不(bu)是特(te)別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)便出現“邊界潤(run)滑”狀態(tai),稱(cheng)為“軸承效應(ying)(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)小油槽,有(you)較(jiao)厚的(de)(de)(de)油膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)組成(cheng)(cheng)一道不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)宮(gong),起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作用,此(ci)稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)密(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封在于維持“軸承效應(ying)(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)”。也(ye)就是說,要保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑和(he)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊。若潤(run)滑不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)得過緊都會(hui)使(shi)油膜中斷,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸之(zhi)間(jian)出現干摩擦,最(zui)后(hou)導致燒軸和(he)出現嚴重磨損(sun)。
為此,需(xu)要(yao)經常對填料(liao)的(de)壓緊程度進行調整,以(yi)便(bian)填料(liao)中的(de)潤滑劑(ji)在運行一段時(shi)間流失之后,再擠(ji)出一些潤滑劑(ji),同時(shi)補償填料(liao)因體(ti)積(ji)變化(hua)所造(zao)成的(de)壓緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠(ji)壓填料(liao),最終將(jiang)使浸(jin)漬劑(ji)枯(ku)竭(jie),所以(yi)定(ding)期更換填料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。此外,為了維持液膜和帶走摩擦(ca)熱(re),有意讓(rang)填料(liao)處有少(shao)量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。