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發(fa)布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):97898 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數應城機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,應城機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。應城機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)(kuang)一(yi)般分(fen)為:流體摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇(ju)烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)損壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產生大量(liang)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密封。在無(wu)流體介質(zhi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)(kuang)下,如何減少(shao)磨損降低(di)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那(nei)就要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)干(gan)磨密封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)質為耐磨碳精(jing),結(jie)構(gou)包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)二(er)個截面為矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi),軸(zhou)套外(wai)表面涂(tu)有(you)耐磨涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料一般為三(san)氧化(hua)二(er)鋁或三(san)氧化(hua)二(er)鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離(li)氣(qi)(qi),通常使用(yong)氮氣(qi)(qi),氮氣(qi)(qi)耗量能(neng)控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒(du)介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤(run)滑冷卻系(xi)統,可以干運行(xing)(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設(she)于外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)且可呈(cheng)相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設(she)有(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端面分(fen)別(bie)為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)設(she)有(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了(le)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平(ping)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應具備下列(lie)條件(jian):
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配(pei)對材料的磨合(he)性(xing)好,無過(guo)大的磨損(sun)和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保(bao)護制動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的作(zuo)用,但要(yao)求具有一定(ding)的耐磨性(xing),使用壽命(ming)盡量(liang)要(yao)長(chang),刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對偶(ou),都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或傳動(dong)的震動(dong)和(he)不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能(neng)力(li)大小,即包括吸熱(re),也(ye)包括散(san)熱(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)問題可(ke)能需要(yao)改(gai)變封孔方法(fa);
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一些(xie)有(you)色金屬合金能(neng)將良好(hao)的摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些(xie)流體的耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小(xiao),熱膨脹(zhang)會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與(yu)摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制動、傳動裝置。