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發布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133761 來(lai)源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)改集式密封是指(zhi)通過預(yu)緊或介質(zhi)壓力(li)的自緊作用(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)與轉動件及固(gu)(gu)定件之間產生壓緊力(li)的動密封裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函密封”。結(jie)構形式較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件組(zu)成。常用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)材料(liao)有石棉織物、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔性(xing)石墨和工程(cheng)塑料(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以(yi)安(an)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)(gu)定件包括壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)預(yu)緊,工作時阻止介質(zhi)外漏(lou),彈(dan)簧可起補(bu)償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)(ya)蓋螺絲對它(ta)作軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)(ya)縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)相對運動(dong)時(shi),由于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的塑性,使它(ta)產(chan)生徑向力,并(bing)(bing)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中浸(jin)漬的潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸面之間(jian)形成油(you)膜(mo)。由于接(jie)(jie)觸狀態并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)特(te)別均勻的,接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)位(wei)便出(chu)現“邊界潤(run)(run)滑(hua)”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”;而(er)未(wei)接(jie)(jie)觸的凹部(bu)(bu)形成小油(you)槽,有(you)較厚的油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)位(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)位(wei)組成一道不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的迷(mi)宮(gong),起(qi)阻止液(ye)流泄漏的作用,此(ci)稱“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)密(mi)封的機理。顯然,良(liang)好的密(mi)封在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”和“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就是(shi)說,要保持良(liang)好的潤(run)(run)滑(hua)和適當(dang)的壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)。若潤(run)(run)滑(hua)不(bu)(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜(mo)中斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間(jian)出(chu)現干摩(mo)擦,最后導致(zhi)燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)現嚴重磨(mo)損。
為此,需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調整(zheng),以便填(tian)料(liao)中的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑劑在運行一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)流失之后,再擠(ji)出一(yi)些潤(run)滑劑,同時(shi)補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊力松(song)弛。顯然,這樣經(jing)常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)料(liao),最終將使(shi)浸漬(zi)劑枯竭,所(suo)以定期更換填(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。此外,為了維持液膜和帶走摩擦(ca)熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。