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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98511 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數余杭機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,余杭機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。余杭機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩擦(ca)的工況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般分為(wei):流(liu)體(ti)(ti)摩擦(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時間(jian)干(gan)摩擦(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時,兩端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)的固體(ti)(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而(er)引起劇烈的磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使(shi)摩擦(ca)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪失或(huo)遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產生大量的摩擦(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒毀密(mi)封。在無(wu)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)介質的工況(kuang)下,如何減少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低(di)摩擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠(kao)干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用(yong)(yong)材(cai)質為耐磨(mo)(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套(tao)(tao)外表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料一般(ban)為三(san)氧化(hua)(hua)二(er)鋁或三(san)氧化(hua)(hua)二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要(yao)(yao)增加隔離氣(qi),通常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗(hao)量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外罩及(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外罩上(shang)且可(ke)呈(cheng)相(xiang)對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋轉(zhuan)軸安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈(dan)性抵壓件。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外,主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦(ca)副的(de)材(cai)料問題(ti)。
摩(mo)擦材料應具(ju)備下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機(ji)械強(qiang)度(du)高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing)(xing),耐高載(zai)荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨合(he)性好,無過(guo)大的磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是易損(sun)件,起(qi)到(dao)保護制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一定的耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都(dou)會造(zao)成制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和(he)散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大小(xiao),即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re)(re),也(ye)包(bao)括散(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決(jue)抗熱裂性問題可能需要改(gai)變封孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)強,一(yi)些有(you)色金屬合(he)金能將良好(hao)的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)結合(he);
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小,熱膨脹(zhang)會造成(cheng)摩擦(ca)材料與摩擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙(xi)過(guo)小,發生拖摩,損毀(hui)制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝置。