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發布時間(jian):2021-12-31 11:57:12 人(ren)氣:116230 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、芷江機械密封、浮動環(huan)密(mi)封(feng)和迷宮密(mi)封(feng)。
填料密封
它由填料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓蓋、填料(liao)(liao)(liao)、水封(feng)環(huan)、填料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱等組成,是目前普通離心(xin)泵最常采用的(de)一種(zhong)軸(zhou)封(feng)。離心(xin)泵工(gong)作時,壓蓋將填料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓緊,使(shi)泄漏(lou)(lou)量減小,從(cong)而達到(dao)密封(feng)的(de)目的(de)。壓蓋不能過(guo)松(song)或過(guo)緊,過(guo)緊則(ze)造成軸(zhou)套與填料(liao)(liao)(liao)表面摩擦加大,溫度迅速(su)升高,嚴重時可導致軸(zhou)套和填料(liao)(liao)(liao)燒壞(huai);過(guo)松(song)則(ze)泄漏(lou)(lou)量加大,離心(xin)泵效率下降。壓緊程度應使(shi)液(ye)體(ti)從(cong)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱漏(lou)(lou)出少量液(ye)滴為宜(yi)。
填料箱(xiang)中裝有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)封環,通(tong)過水(shui)(shui)(shui)封環引入(ru)潔凈水(shui)(shui)(shui),使(shi)其在(zai)軸上形成水(shui)(shui)(shui)環進行密封,以(yi)防止空氣(qi)漏(lou)人(ren)泵(beng)內或泵(beng)內壓力(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漏(lou)出(chu)泵(beng)外,密封水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)填料與(yu)軸之間,同時(shi)亦起冷卻與(yu)潤滑作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。填料常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨油浸石(shi)棉(mian)繩或石(shi)墨油浸含銅、鋁等金屬絲的石(shi)棉(mian)繩,高(gao)壓泵(beng)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯效果好。填料密封具有(you)結(jie)構簡單、工(gong)作可靠造價(jia)低等優點(dian);但使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命短(duan),軸套(tao)易(yi)磨損(sun),且造成介質(zhi)泄漏(lou)損(sun)失,一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)于中低壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上。
它主要由(you)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、靜環(huan)(huan)、彈簧、密封(feng)環(huan)(huan)等組成(cheng)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)用(yong)定位螺栓銷(xiao)定在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸上,與軸一起轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong);靜環(huan)(huan)使(shi)用(yong)防轉(zhuan)銷(xiao)固定在(zai)(zai)泵(beng)體上,靜止(zhi)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)液體壓力(li)及彈簧力(li)的作用(yong)下與靜環(huan)(huan)的端面保(bao)持(chi)均勻、緊(jin)密接觸,從而實(shi)現密封(feng)。為了(le)保(bao)證動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)(huan)的正常工作,在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)環(huan)(huan)的端面間需(xu)要保(bao)持(chi)一層極薄(bo)的水膜(mo),起冷(leng)卻(que)和潤滑的作用(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。芷江機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。芷江機械密封缺點(dian)是結構復雜,端(duan)面加工精度要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)極高,價格昂貴,且(qie)安(an)裝技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高,另(ling)一方面對(dui)介質清潔(jie)度要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較高。
浮動環密封
它主要(yao)由(you)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環、支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環、彈(dan)簧等組(zu)成。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環密封是以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環與(yu)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環的(de)(de)(de)密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)在液體(ti)壓力及彈(dan)簧力的(de)(de)(de)作用下保持(chi)緊密接(jie)觸來實現密封的(de)(de)(de);同(tong)時又以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環的(de)(de)(de)內圓表面(mian)(mian)與(yu)軸(zhou)套外表面(mian)(mian)所形成的(de)(de)(de)微小間隙對液體(ti)產生節流來達(da)到軸(zhou)向(xiang)密封。液體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力使(shi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環的(de)(de)(de)密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)徑向(xiang)自由(you)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)調整環心,當浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環與(yu)軸(zhou)同(tong)心時,液體(ti)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力平衡(heng),浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環不在浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于芷江機械密封,結構(gou)簡單,運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)無軸(zhou)(zhou)向碰撞問題,運(yun)行(xing)可(ke)靠(kao)、密封效果(guo)好;其缺(que)點(dian)是軸(zhou)(zhou)向尺寸(cun)較(jiao)長,對具有(you)短而粗的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)大(da)容量機組水(shui)泵應用較(jiao)少。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸型的(de)(de)流體動力密(mi)封,其(qi)機理(li)是利用流體流過的(de)(de)轉子與靜子間的(de)(de)微(wei)小(xiao)間隙產生的(de)(de)節流降壓(ya)效(xiao)應來實現(xian)密(mi)封。
迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)有(you)多種不同(tong)型式(shi)(shi),金(jin)屬迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)密封(feng)(feng)與靜(jing)子固接(jie)的(de)金(jin)屬密封(feng)(feng)片在(zai)轉(zhuan)軸間形成多級突擴-突縮的(de)間隙,對軸向泄漏流體(ti)實(shi)施多級降壓(ya)、節(jie)流,從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現密封(feng)(feng);螺(luo)(luo)旋迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)在(zai)轉(zhuan)軸表面(mian)上車有(you)與液體(ti)泄漏方向相反的(de)螺(luo)(luo)旋溝(gou)槽(cao),溝(gou)槽(cao)中注有(you)略高于密封(feng)(feng)腔室壓(ya)力的(de)密封(feng)(feng)水(shui),軸轉(zhuan)動時,螺(luo)(luo)旋溝(gou)槽(cao)內的(de)密封(feng)(feng)水(shui)沿(yan)軸向螺(luo)(luo)旋前(qian)進,阻止泵內液體(ti)的(de)外(wai)泄。迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)在(zai)工作時動、靜(jing)部(bu)件無(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)、無(wu)磨損,使用壽命長,在(zai)大容量給水(shui)泵上應用廣泛。