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發布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人(ren)氣(qi):96244 來(lai)源:
卓尼機械密封是一種(zhong)依(yi)靠彈性元(yuan)件對動、靜環(huan)端(duan)面密封(feng)副的(de)(de)預緊(jin)和介質壓力與彈性元(yuan)件壓力的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)而(er)達(da)到密封(feng)的(de)(de)軸向端(duan)面密封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。動環(huan)和靜環(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面組成一對摩擦副,動環(huan)靠密封(feng)室中(zhong)液體(ti)的(de)(de)壓力使其端(duan)面壓緊(jin)在(zai)靜環(huan)端(duan)面上,并在(zai)兩環(huan)端(duan)面上產生適當的(de)(de)比(bi)壓和保持(chi)一層極(ji)薄的(de)(de)液體(ti)膜而(er)達(da)到密封(feng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
常用卓尼機械密封結構由靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(靜環(huan)(huan))、旋(xuan)轉環(huan)(huan)(動環(huan)(huan))、彈(dan)性元件、彈(dan)簧座、固(gu)緊件、旋(xuan)轉環(huan)(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈和靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈等元件組成(cheng),防轉銷固(gu)定(ding)在壓(ya)蓋上(shang)以(yi)防止(zhi)靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)轉動。這些元件都有(you)哪些作用(yong)呢?
(1)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環:保持緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)組(zu)成密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面防止介質泄漏。要求動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)耐磨性動(dong)(dong)(dong)環可(ke)以軸向移動(dong)(dong)(dong),自動(dong)(dong)(dong)補償密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面磨損,使之與(yu)靜(jing)環良好(hao)地貼合(he),靜(jing)環有(you)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)性,起緩沖作(zuo)用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型卓尼機械密封。波形管(guan)常用于高溫、低(di)溫、強腐蝕等特(te)殊條件。
(3)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(0形環(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形環(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形環(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他異(yi)形密(mi)(mi)(mi)封環(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要(yao)起到靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)和動環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封作用,同時也起到浮動性(xing)(xing)(xing)和緩沖的(de)(de)作用。要(yao)求(qiu)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件保證靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓(ya)蓋之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封性(xing)(xing)(xing),使靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)(de)浮動性(xing)(xing)(xing),動環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件保證動環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)或軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封.材料要(yao)求(qiu)耐熱、耐寒方面(mian)與(yu)介質(zhi)接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)件(jian)(jian):傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)件(jian)(jian)包括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)環(huan)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)突耳(er)或牙嵌(qian)式聯接器,其作用是(shi)將軸的轉矩(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)環(huan),材料要求耐(nai)腐蝕和耐(nai)磨(mo)損。
(5)固(gu)緊件:包括緊定(ding)螺釘、彈(dan)簧座、壓蓋、組裝(zhuang)套、軸套。起(qi)著靜、動(dong)(dong)環的(de)(de)定(ding)位、固(gu)緊作用(yong)(yong)。要求定(ding)位正確,保證(zheng)摩(mo)擦副(fu)密(mi)(mi)封面處于(yu)正確的(de)(de)位置,并且保持良好貼(tie)合的(de)(de)彈(dan)簧比壓,同時要求拆裝(zhuang)方便,容(rong)易就位,能重復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong),與輔助密(mi)(mi)封配合處應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)密(mi)(mi)封環的(de)(de)倒角和壓彈(dan)量,特別注(zhu)意(yi)動(dong)(dong)環密(mi)(mi)封圈與軸套配合處要求耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕和耐(nai)(nai)磨損,必要時采(cai)用(yong)(yong)硬面復(fu)層。
介紹完了卓尼機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。卓尼機械密封的(de)(de)泄漏點基本(ben)上都(dou)表(biao)現在(zai)6處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu):①動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);②靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)盒(he)的(de)(de)輔助密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);③靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)壓(ya)蓋與(yu)離心(xin)泵泵體之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);④動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)鑲嵌結構配合(he)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);⑤軸套(tao)與(yu)泵軸之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);⑥動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸套(tao)的(de)(de)輔助密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。
注意:⑤和⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時才存在(zai)。