掃一掃,加微信
聯系客服,馬上詢價
發(fa)布時間:2022-01-10 11:33:20 人氣:127333 來源:
在對柞水機械密封泄漏原因進行分析時,要根據實踐經驗、現場觀察并借助儀器測量,弄清楚密封元件與密封性能之間的內在聯系,全方位檢查密封環、傳動件、加載彈性元件、輔助密封圈、防轉機構、緊固螺釘、底座、軸套、密封腔體以及密封系統等部位,綜合分析,找出柞水機械密封泄漏原因,以此為依據,選擇正確的柞水機械密封。
1.機械磨損
柞水機械密封泄漏中較為常見的就是機械磨損,機械磨損導致密封副端面產生分離,造成密封泄漏。機械磨損還會破壞密封副的正常配合關系,使傳動軸轉動時引起密封元件發生軸向位移和擺動,導致柞水機械密封泄漏。這種柞水機械密封泄漏可根據柞水機械密封副磨損痕跡的具體情況進行準確判斷。如果密封磨損痕跡均勻而產生泄漏,說明柞水機械密封泄漏的出現是由其他部位引起的。此時需要檢測其他部位而非密封本身。如果密封副沒有磨損痕跡而出現泄漏,說明可能是動環相對于靜環不旋轉或者出現打滑,可以對防轉銷或底座進行檢測,確定是否是防轉銷脫落了或者底座的孔徑與密封件的外徑不相匹配所致。如果柞水機械密封副(fu)磨損痕跡很深,則有可(ke)能是(shi)傳動(dong)軸轉動(dong)時密(mi)封副(fu)出現分離,有大顆粒(li)物(wu)質嵌入軟質碳端面(mian),此時可(ke)用硬質材料作為密(mi)封副(fu)材料。
2.由(you)熱(re)損(sun)傷(shang)引(yin)起(qi)的密封泄漏
機械產生過大的熱量往往造成柞水機械密封副變形(xing)、熱裂或皰疤,引起泄(xie)漏。
熱(re)裂主要是機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)干摩擦或冷卻系統發(fa)生中斷(duan)等情況下,造成機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)短時間(jian)內承受(shou)超負荷熱(re)量(liang)(liang)而出現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)表面徑向裂紋。由于熱(re)裂往往引起密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)磨損(sun)加劇,造成大量(liang)(liang)的泄(xie)漏,所(suo)以在(zai)設(she)計機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)時要充(chong)分(fen)考慮機(ji)(ji)械(xie)材(cai)料(liao)的物理性質(zhi)(zhi),并(bing)要根據(ju)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)設(she)定(ding)(ding)特定(ding)(ding)的運轉(zhuan)條件(jian)。皰疤主要是由于碳石墨導致粘結劑被擠(ji)出,出現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)泄(xie)漏。由于介質(zhi)(zhi)的潤滑(hua)性、操作(zuo)溫度(du)、線(xian)速度(du)、配對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)組合等因(yin)素的影(ying)響都會(hui)使(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)產生大量(liang)(liang)熱(re)能,所(suo)以為了使(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)摩擦熱(re)能及時散發(fa),改變端面面積比、減少載荷、靜止型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)并(bing)加導流套都能較好地改善密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的散熱(re)條件(jian),保證機(ji)(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的正(zheng)常運行。
3.由腐蝕引(yin)起的密封泄漏
機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)引(yin)起(qi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泄漏最主(zhu)要原(yuan)因之一,一般有化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和電化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)由于機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)長(chang)時間(jian)與腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質接(jie)觸(chu)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)。這種腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)影響較(jiao)大(da),甚至會導致(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金屬晶(jing)(jing)界的(de)(de)(de)破壞或(huo)斷裂。電化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)兩種金屬在(zai)電介質溶液(ye)中產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電位差(cha),導致(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電池腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。不管是(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還是(shi)(shi)電化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)都有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)影響,所以(yi)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料選取上要考慮密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)性(xing)(xing),選擇比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)更耐腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)材料。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度的(de)(de)(de)快慢與壓力、溫度和滑動(dong)速(su)度都有密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。當(dang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件所承受的(de)(de)(de)壓力增大(da)、溫度升(sheng)高、滑動(dong)速(su)度加快時,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度也會加快。針對這些(xie)因素(su),采(cai)取雙端面密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可以(yi)減少(shao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)零件與腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu),從而減輕腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質對密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)材料的(de)(de)(de)選取可以(yi)采(cai)用奧氏體不銹鋼(gang),并在(zai)1 050℃下進(jin)行熱處理,防(fang)止晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
4.由(you)密封(feng)零件失(shi)效(xiao)引起的密封(feng)泄(xie)漏
機械(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)輔(fu)助密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)對機械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有著至關重要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),輔(fu)助密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)一(yi)般選用(yong)(yong)合成橡膠O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)。合成橡膠O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)一(yi)旦出現(xian)老化、永(yong)久性變(bian)形(xing)(xing)、扭曲(qu)及擠出損(sun)傷等(deng)情況時(shi),會使(shi)(shi)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)出現(xian)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)。因此合成橡膠O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)材質選取(qu)要(yao)充(chong)分考(kao)慮(lv)其(qi)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度(du),增(zeng)加合成橡膠O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)截面(mian),用(yong)(yong)橡膠包覆聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯(xi)等(deng)復合材料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)為密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)材料(liao)(liao),提高材料(liao)(liao)的(de)硬度(du)。在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)安裝時(shi),要(yao)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內(nei)涂上(shang)潤滑脂(zhi)。除了密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)外,彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)、傳動(dong)銷等(deng)零部件(jian)如(ru)發生變(bian)形(xing)(xing)、斷裂、腐蝕(shi)等(deng)也會導致密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)。在(zai)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)運行時(shi),也要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)、傳動(dong)銷等(deng)零部件(jian)的(de)狀態,確保彈(dan)簧(huang)(huang)、傳動(dong)銷等(deng)零部件(jian)沒有磨損(sun)或者(zhe)變(bian)形(xing)(xing),使(shi)(shi)機械(xie)(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)正常運行。