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發布時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:115613 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、巴彥機械密封、浮動環密(mi)封和(he)迷宮密(mi)封。
填料密封
它由填料壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、填料、水封環、填料箱等(deng)組成,是目前普(pu)通離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)最常(chang)采用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種軸封。離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)工作時,壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)將(jiang)填料壓(ya)緊(jin),使泄(xie)漏量減(jian)小,從(cong)而達到密封的(de)目的(de)。壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不能過(guo)松或過(guo)緊(jin),過(guo)緊(jin)則(ze)造成軸套與填料表面摩(mo)擦加大,溫(wen)度迅速(su)升高,嚴重時可導致軸套和(he)填料燒壞;過(guo)松則(ze)泄(xie)漏量加大,離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)效率下降。壓(ya)緊(jin)程(cheng)度應使液體從(cong)填料箱漏出少量液滴為宜。
填(tian)料箱中裝有水(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)環(huan)(huan),通過水(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)引入潔凈水(shui)(shui)(shui),使其在軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)形成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)進行密(mi)封(feng),以防(fang)止空氣漏(lou)人泵(beng)內或(huo)(huo)泵(beng)內壓(ya)(ya)力(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漏(lou)出泵(beng)外,密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)在填(tian)料與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之間,同時亦起冷卻(que)與(yu)潤滑作用(yong)。填(tian)料常采(cai)用(yong)石(shi)墨油浸石(shi)棉繩(sheng)或(huo)(huo)石(shi)墨油浸含(han)銅、鋁等(deng)金屬絲的(de)石(shi)棉繩(sheng),高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)采(cai)用(yong)聚四氟乙烯效(xiao)果好。填(tian)料密(mi)封(feng)具(ju)有結構簡單、工作可靠造(zao)價(jia)低(di)等(deng)優(you)點;但使用(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)(zhou)套易磨損(sun),且(qie)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)介質(zhi)泄漏(lou)損(sun)失,一般用(yong)于中低(di)壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)。
它主要(yao)由動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密封環(huan)(huan)(huan)等組成。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)定(ding)位螺(luo)栓(shuan)銷(xiao)定(ding)在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)上,與軸(zhou)一起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong);靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)防轉(zhuan)(zhuan)銷(xiao)固定(ding)在(zai)泵體上,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)在(zai)液體壓力及彈簧(huang)力的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下與靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)保(bao)(bao)持均(jun)勻、緊密接觸,從而實(shi)現密封。為了保(bao)(bao)證動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)正常工作(zuo),在(zai)兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)持一層(ceng)極(ji)薄的(de)水膜,起冷卻和(he)潤滑(hua)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。巴彥機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。巴彥機械密封缺點是結構復雜,端面(mian)加工(gong)精度(du)要求極高,價格昂貴(gui),且安裝技(ji)術要求高,另一方面(mian)對介質清潔度(du)要求較(jiao)高。
浮動環密封
它主要(yao)由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)、彈簧等(deng)組成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)密封(feng)(feng)是(shi)以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)端面(mian)在液體壓(ya)力(li)及彈簧力(li)的(de)(de)作用下保持(chi)緊密接觸來(lai)(lai)實現密封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de);同時又以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內圓表面(mian)與(yu)軸套(tao)外表面(mian)所形成(cheng)的(de)(de)微小(xiao)間隙對液體產生節流來(lai)(lai)達到(dao)軸向密封(feng)(feng)。液體的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)端面(mian)徑向自(zi)由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),并(bing)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)調整(zheng)環(huan)(huan)心(xin),當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸同心(xin)時,液體支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平衡,浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)不在浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于巴彥機械密封,結(jie)構(gou)簡單,運行中無軸向碰撞問題,運行可靠、密封效(xiao)果好;其缺(que)點是軸向尺寸(cun)較長,對具有(you)短而粗(cu)的軸的大容量機組水泵應(ying)用較少(shao)。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸型的(de)流(liu)體動力(li)密(mi)封,其機理(li)是利用流(liu)體流(liu)過的(de)轉子(zi)與靜子(zi)間的(de)微小間隙產生(sheng)的(de)節流(liu)降壓效(xiao)應(ying)來實現密(mi)封。
迷宮式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)有多種不同型式(shi),金屬(shu)迷宮密封(feng)(feng)(feng)與(yu)靜子固接的(de)(de)金屬(shu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)片在(zai)轉軸(zhou)間形成多級(ji)突擴-突縮(suo)的(de)(de)間隙,對軸(zhou)向泄漏(lou)流體(ti)實施多級(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)、節(jie)流,從而實現(xian)密封(feng)(feng)(feng);螺旋(xuan)迷宮式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)轉軸(zhou)表面上(shang)車有與(yu)液(ye)體(ti)泄漏(lou)方向相反的(de)(de)螺旋(xuan)溝(gou)(gou)槽,溝(gou)(gou)槽中注有略高(gao)于密封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔室壓(ya)力的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui),軸(zhou)轉動時,螺旋(xuan)溝(gou)(gou)槽內(nei)的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)沿軸(zhou)向螺旋(xuan)前(qian)進(jin),阻止(zhi)泵內(nei)液(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)外泄。迷宮式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)工作時動、靜部件無接觸、無磨損,使用(yong)壽命(ming)長,在(zai)大容量(liang)給(gei)水(shui)泵上(shang)應用(yong)廣泛。