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濱海干磨密封解決了摩擦熱過高的問題

發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98624 來(lai)源(yuan):

  在使用過程中,大多數濱海機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,濱海機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。濱海機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)(de)工況一般分為:流(liu)體(ti)(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類(lei),但不能長時間干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩端(duan)面(mian)間的(de)(de)固體(ti)(ti)表面(mian)微凸體(ti)(ti)將直接接觸(chu)而引起劇烈的(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)。磨損(sun)(sun)時一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)會使(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)會產生(sheng)大(da)量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直至(zhi)燒(shao)毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體(ti)(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況下,如何減少磨損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要(yao)依靠干磨密(mi)封了。


  干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種(zhong),常用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳(tan)精(jing),結(jie)構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少(shao)裝有(you)(you)(you)二(er)個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套外(wai)表面(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材料一般為(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻(ge)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)時需(xu)要(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣,通常使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能(neng)控制在(zai)25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)介質(zhi),由于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)且(qie)可(ke)呈相(xiang)對(dui)旋轉及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)(you)(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通孔,且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了(le)要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)摩擦副(fu)的(de)材料問題(ti)。

41.JPG

  摩擦材料(liao)應具備下列(lie)條件:


  (1)機(ji)械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和(he)耐壓(ya)力變(bian)形;


  (2)具有耐干磨(mo)性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自潤(run)滑(hua)性(xing)好;


  (3)配對材料的磨合性好,無(wu)過(guo)大(da)的磨損和對偶腐蝕;


  (4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件(jian),起到保護(hu)制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的作用,但要求具有一定(ding)的耐(nai)磨性,使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)盡(jin)量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘(zhan)附對偶,都(dou)會造成(cheng)制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)和不穩定(ding);


  (5)導(dao)熱(re)性和(he)散熱(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能力大小,即包括(kuo)吸熱(re),也包括(kuo)散熱(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)性好(hao)的必然散熱(re)性也好(hao);


  (6)抗熱裂性(xing)好,根本解(jie)決(jue)抗熱裂性(xing)問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔(kong)方法;


  (7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強,一些有色(se)金屬合金能將良好的摩擦(ca)學特性與有些流體的耐腐(fu)蝕性結合;


  (8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造(zao)成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩,損(sun)毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)。