掃一掃,加微信
聯系客服,馬上詢價
發布時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116112 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、濱海機械密封、浮動環(huan)密(mi)封和(he)迷宮密(mi)封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、水封(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱等組成,是(shi)目(mu)前普通(tong)離心(xin)泵(beng)最常采用的一種(zhong)軸封(feng)。離心(xin)泵(beng)工作時(shi),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊,使泄漏(lou)量減小,從而(er)達到密(mi)封(feng)的目(mu)的。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不能過(guo)松或(huo)過(guo)緊,過(guo)緊則造(zao)成軸套與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)表面摩擦加大,溫度迅速(su)升高,嚴重(zhong)時(shi)可導致軸套和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)燒壞;過(guo)松則泄漏(lou)量加大,離心(xin)泵(beng)效(xiao)率下降。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊程度應使液體(ti)從填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱漏(lou)出(chu)少量液滴為(wei)宜。
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱中裝有(you)水(shui)(shui)封(feng)環,通(tong)過水(shui)(shui)封(feng)環引入潔凈水(shui)(shui),使(shi)其在(zai)軸(zhou)上(shang)(shang)形成水(shui)(shui)環進行密(mi)封(feng),以防止空氣漏人泵(beng)內(nei)或泵(beng)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)力水(shui)(shui)漏出(chu)泵(beng)外(wai),密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)與軸(zhou)之間,同時(shi)亦起冷(leng)卻與潤滑作用(yong)(yong)。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)常采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨(mo)油浸(jin)石(shi)棉(mian)繩或石(shi)墨(mo)油浸(jin)含銅、鋁等金屬(shu)絲的石(shi)棉(mian)繩,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)采用(yong)(yong)聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯效果好。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)封(feng)具有(you)結構(gou)簡單、工(gong)作可靠造價(jia)低等優點;但使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命短(duan),軸(zhou)套易磨損,且造成介(jie)質(zhi)泄漏損失,一般用(yong)(yong)于中低壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)(shang)。
它主要由動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈(dan)(dan)簧、密封環(huan)(huan)(huan)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)定(ding)位螺栓銷定(ding)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸上,與軸一起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong);靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)(yong)防(fang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)銷固(gu)定(ding)在泵(beng)體(ti)上,靜(jing)(jing)止(zhi)不動(dong)。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)在液體(ti)壓力及(ji)彈(dan)(dan)簧力的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下與靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面保持均勻、緊密接觸,從(cong)而實(shi)現密封。為了保證動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)正常工作(zuo)(zuo),在兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面間需要保持一層極薄的(de)水膜,起冷卻和潤滑的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。濱海機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。濱海機械密封缺(que)點是結構復雜,端面加工精度要(yao)求極高(gao),價格昂(ang)貴,且安裝(zhuang)技術要(yao)求高(gao),另一方面對介質(zhi)清潔度要(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)。
浮動環密封
它(ta)主要由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)(huang)等組(zu)成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)(mi)封是以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封端面在(zai)液(ye)體壓(ya)力及彈簧(huang)(huang)力的(de)(de)作用下保持(chi)緊密(mi)(mi)接觸來實現密(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de);同(tong)時又(you)以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)圓表面與軸套(tao)外(wai)表面所形成(cheng)的(de)(de)微小間(jian)隙對液(ye)體產(chan)生節流來達到(dao)軸向密(mi)(mi)封。液(ye)體的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)力使浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封端面徑向自由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong),并自動(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),當(dang)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同(tong)心(xin)時,液(ye)體支(zhi)撐(cheng)力平(ping)衡,浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于濱海機械密封,結構簡單,運行中無軸(zhou)向(xiang)碰撞問題,運行可靠(kao)、密封效果好(hao);其缺點是(shi)軸(zhou)向(xiang)尺寸(cun)較長,對具有短而(er)粗的(de)軸(zhou)的(de)大容(rong)量機組水泵應用較少。
迷宮式密封
它(ta)是一種非接觸型(xing)的流體動力密封,其機(ji)理是利用流體流過(guo)的轉子與(yu)靜(jing)子間(jian)(jian)的微(wei)小間(jian)(jian)隙產(chan)生(sheng)的節流降壓效應來實現密封。
迷宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)多(duo)種不同(tong)型(xing)式(shi)(shi),金(jin)屬(shu)迷宮(gong)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)與(yu)靜(jing)子固(gu)接的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)片在(zai)(zai)(zai)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)間形成多(duo)級突(tu)擴-突(tu)縮(suo)的(de)(de)間隙(xi),對軸(zhou)(zhou)向泄漏流體(ti)實施多(duo)級降(jiang)壓、節流,從而(er)實現密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);螺旋(xuan)迷宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)表面(mian)上車有(you)與(yu)液體(ti)泄漏方向相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)螺旋(xuan)溝槽,溝槽中注有(you)略高于密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔室壓力的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui),軸(zhou)(zhou)轉動(dong)時(shi),螺旋(xuan)溝槽內的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)沿軸(zhou)(zhou)向螺旋(xuan)前(qian)進,阻止泵內液體(ti)的(de)(de)外泄。迷宮(gong)式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工作時(shi)動(dong)、靜(jing)部件無(wu)接觸、無(wu)磨損(sun),使用(yong)壽命長,在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)容(rong)量(liang)給水(shui)(shui)泵上應用(yong)廣泛。