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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94511 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數成都機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,成都機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。成都機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)般分為:流(liu)體摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊(bian)界(jie)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時間(jian)(jian)干(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時,兩端(duan)面(mian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)微凸(tu)體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇烈(lie)的(de)磨損。磨損時一(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)使摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)損壞(huai);另一(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)產生大量的(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re)直至(zhi)燒毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體介質的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下(xia),如(ru)何(he)減(jian)少(shao)磨損降低摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re),那就(jiu)要(yao)依靠干(gan)磨密(mi)封了(le)。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)個截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套之(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套外表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材料(liao)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或(huo)三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)需要(yao)增(zeng)加隔(ge)離氣(qi),通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制(zhi)在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由(you)于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)外罩(zhao)及架設于外罩(zhao)上(shang)且可(ke)呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及貼合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接(jie),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)(you)(you)(you)供(gong)旋轉(zhuan)軸安(an)裝的(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外,主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦(ca)副的(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應具(ju)備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨(mo)性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合(he)性好,無(wu)過大的磨(mo)損和(he)對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是易損件,起到保護制動(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置的作(zuo)用,但要求具(ju)有一定的耐(nai)磨(mo)性,使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附(fu)對偶(ou),都會造成制動(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能(neng)力大(da)小,即包括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re),也包括(kuo)散(san)熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好,根(gen)本解(jie)決抗熱裂(lie)性問(wen)題可(ke)能需要(yao)改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一些(xie)(xie)有色(se)金(jin)屬(shu)合金(jin)能將(jiang)良好的摩擦學特性(xing)與有些(xie)(xie)流(liu)體的耐腐蝕性(xing)結(jie)合;
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小(xiao),熱膨脹(zhang)會造(zao)成摩擦(ca)材料與(yu)摩擦(ca)對偶之間的(de)間隙過(guo)小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩,損毀制動(dong)、傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)。