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發布時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98657 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數洪梅鎮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,洪梅鎮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。洪梅鎮機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)為:流體摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態時(shi)(shi),兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)微凸體將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇(ju)烈(lie)的(de)(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物質喪失或(huo)遷(qian)移,導致(zhi)表面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至(zhi)燒毀密封(feng)。在無流體介質的(de)(de)工況(kuang)下,如何(he)減少磨損(sun)降(jiang)低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要依(yi)靠(kao)干(gan)磨密封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳(tan)精,結(jie)構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至少(shao)裝有(you)二(er)個(ge)截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙(xi),軸套外表面(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材料一般為(wei)(wei)三氧化二(er)鋁或三氧化二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣,通常使用氮氣,氮氣耗量能(neng)控制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質(zhi),由(you)于操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需要(yao)復雜(za)的(de)潤滑冷(leng)卻系統(tong),可以干(gan)運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應用。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩及(ji)(ji)架設于外罩上(shang)且可呈相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安(an)裝的(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)之外,主要(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強度(du)高,能耐壓和耐壓力(li)變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)(nai)干磨(mo)性(xing),耐(nai)(nai)高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好(hao);
(3)配對材(cai)料的磨合性好,無過大(da)的磨損和(he)對偶(ou)腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損(sun)件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的(de)作用(yong),但要(yao)求具有一定的(de)耐磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)盡量要(yao)長,刮(gua)傷、腐(fu)蝕和(he)粘附(fu)對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)震(zhen)動(dong)和(he)不(bu)穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性和散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量的能力(li)大小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也(ye)包(bao)括散熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性好(hao)的必然散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本(ben)解決抗熱裂(lie)性(xing)問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性強(qiang),一些有色金(jin)(jin)屬合金(jin)(jin)能將良好(hao)的摩擦學特性與有些流體的耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系(xi)數小,熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶(ou)之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩,損毀制動、傳動裝置。