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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98436 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數建華機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,建華機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。建華機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩端面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固(gu)體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)時一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質喪(sang)失(shi)或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直至燒毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質的(de)工況下(xia),如(ru)何減(jian)少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)碳(tan)精,結(jie)構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)(qiang)體內(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有二個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂有耐磨(mo)涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)一般為(wei)三氧化(hua)(hua)二鋁或(huo)三氧化(hua)(hua)二鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有時(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣,通常使用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗(hao)量能控(kong)制在25-40。主要(yao)應用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質(zhi),由(you)于操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)冷卻系(xi)統,可以干(gan)(gan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設(she)于外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)且可呈相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設(she)有供(gong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通孔,且動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)設(she)有促使動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主要(yao)是(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)副的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列條件:
(1)機械(xie)強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和(he)耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具(ju)有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性(xing),耐(nai)高(gao)載荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料(liao)的(de)磨(mo)合性好,無(wu)過大的(de)磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是易損件,起到保護制動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)作用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一定的(de)耐磨(mo)性,使用壽命(ming)盡量(liang)要(yao)長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對偶,都會造成制動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和(he)不(bu)穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量的能力大小(xiao),即包(bao)括(kuo)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括(kuo)散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性(xing)(xing)好,根本解決抗熱裂(lie)性(xing)(xing)問題可能需(xu)要改(gai)變封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性強,一(yi)些有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好(hao)的(de)摩(mo)擦學特性與有(you)些流體的(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩擦(ca)材料與摩擦(ca)對偶之間的(de)間隙過(guo)小,發生拖摩,損毀(hui)制動(dong)(dong)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)。