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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98653 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數平昌機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,平昌機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。平昌機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工況一般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不(bu)能長時間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀態(tai)時,兩端面(mian)(mian)(mian)間的(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸體將直接接觸而引起劇烈(lie)的(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失(shi)或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產(chan)生(sheng)大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒(shao)毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無流體介質的(de)工況下,如何減少(shao)磨(mo)損降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要(yao)依靠干磨(mo)密(mi)封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常用材質(zhi)(zhi)為耐磨(mo)碳(tan)精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)至少裝(zhuang)有二個(ge)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂有耐磨(mo)涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料一般為三(san)氧(yang)化二鋁或三(san)氧(yang)化二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要增加隔離氣(qi)(qi),通常使用氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)耗量能控制(zhi)在25-40。主要應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃(ran)有毒介質(zhi)(zhi),由于操作維修(xiu)簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)架設于外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上且可呈相(xiang)對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接(jie),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分別(bie)為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上設有促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),主要是摩擦(ca)副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具備(bei)下(xia)列條件:
(1)機(ji)械(xie)強度(du)高,能(neng)耐壓和耐壓力(li)變形;
(2)具有(you)耐干磨性,耐高載(zai)荷性,自潤(run)滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對材料的磨合(he)性好,無過大的磨損(sun)和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)(mo)性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是易損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)作用,但要(yao)(yao)求具(ju)有一定的(de)耐磨(mo)(mo)性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會(hui)造成制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱性和(he)散(san)熱性好,導(dao)熱性是傳(chuan)導(dao)熱量的能力大小,即(ji)包括吸熱,也(ye)包括散(san)熱,所(suo)以,導(dao)熱性好的必然散(san)熱性也(ye)好;
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問(wen)題可能需要改變(bian)封(feng)孔(kong)方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性強,一些有(you)色金(jin)屬合(he)金(jin)能將良好的摩擦學特(te)性與(yu)有(you)些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性結合(he);
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小(xiao)(xiao),熱(re)膨脹(zhang)會(hui)造成摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙(xi)過(guo)小(xiao)(xiao),發(fa)生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。