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發(fa)布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:99546 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數前鋒機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,前鋒機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。前鋒機械密封端(duan)面摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的工況一般分為:流體(ti)(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和(he)邊(bian)界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類(lei),但不(bu)能長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端(duan)面間的固體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面微凸體(ti)(ti)將(jiang)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸而引(yin)起劇烈的磨損。磨損時(shi)一方面會使(shi)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導(dao)致表(biao)面損壞;另一方面會產生大量的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至(zhi)燒毀密封(feng)。在無流體(ti)(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的工況下,如何(he)減少磨損降(jiang)低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依(yi)靠干磨密封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨碳(tan)精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至(zhi)少(shao)裝有(you)二個截面為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)之間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套(tao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表面涂(tu)有(you)耐磨涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材料一(yi)般為(wei)三氧化二鋁或三氧化二鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣,通常使用(yong)氮(dan)(dan)氣,氮(dan)(dan)氣耗量能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)冷卻(que)系統,可以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及架(jia)設(she)于(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上且(qie)可呈相對旋轉及貼合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分(fen)開設(she)有(you)供旋轉軸安裝的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)端面分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上設(she)有(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下(xia)列(lie)條(tiao)件:
(1)機(ji)械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性(xing),耐高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤滑(hua)性(xing)好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨(mo)合性好(hao),無過(guo)大的磨(mo)損(sun)和對(dui)偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好(hao),摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損件,起到保護制(zhi)動或傳(chuan)動裝置的作用,但(dan)要求具有一定的耐磨(mo)性,使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動或傳(chuan)動的震(zhen)動和不(bu)穩(wen)定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性和散(san)熱(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能力大小,即包括吸(xi)熱(re),也(ye)包括散(san)熱(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)性好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)性也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好(hao),根(gen)本解決抗熱裂性問題(ti)可(ke)能需要改變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)強(qiang),一些有色金屬合金能將良好的摩擦學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)與有些流(liu)體的耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成(cheng)摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間的間隙過小,發生拖摩,損毀制(zhi)動、傳動裝置(zhi)。